Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Implementing Change Free Essays

Actualizing change in a branch of association can be troublesome. The board must have an arrangement before actualizing the change. The manager’s job and obligation in executing change inside an office is significant. We will compose a custom exposition test on Executing Change or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The manager’s job is to survey the change that necessities to happen, think of an arrangement to execute a change, actualize the change, and assess the adjustment in a convenient request. To have an effective usage of another procedure, the administrator must be associated with each progression. The chief must keep the staff in question and let the staff know why the change is occurring and how it will influence the work procedure. The supervisor faces numerous difficulties, for example, meeting the associations objectives and working with staff individuals who may oppose the change. This paper will concentrate on the manager’s job and obligation in executing change, the manner in which an administrator ought to effectively deal with staff protection from change and characterize each progression of the change procedure, for example, appraisal, arranging, usage, and assessment. When there is an adjustment in the work procedure inside the office, the manager’s job and obligation is to ensure the usage of the progressions happens easily with the assistance of the staff. As indicated by Sullivan Decker (2009), the supervisor must have the option to convey straightforwardly and genuinely with the staff, bolster the staff in the event that they are opposing the change, accentuate the positive results from starting change, discover answers for issues that are snags to change and acknowledge the consistency of progress. The supervisor must have the option to distinguish the change, gather and break down information, build up an arrangement, help the staff get ready for the change, get ready to deal with obstruction, give input, and assess viability of the change. The director ought to include the staff in the usage of the new work process. As indicated by Knoer (2011), correspondence is one of the most significant apparatuses that a pioneer must use to effectively execute. On the off chance that the administrator doesn't include the staff, the staff may think their info isn't significant or their work will be influenced. This can prompt opposition from staff and have a negative effect in the office. The staff can give directors their contribution on what zones ought to be centered around and raise worries that administration may investigate. By having the staff included the administrator can keep them from opposing the change or have a superior comprehension of why the staff may be opposing and chip away at approaches to bring down the staff obstruction. With change comes obstruction. As per Fiedler (2010), obstruction is considered to potentially have positive as well as negative effect on a change, and to be applied by inward or outside conditions. The division administrator must have the option to effectively deal with opposition from staff individuals. A few reasons why a staff part may oppose the change is on the grounds that the individual probably won't trust the administrator, have a dread of disappointment, accept the change is pointless, staff may think if a specific change didn't work in the past it will bomb once more, and the main explanation is the staff part may figure the person will lose their employment. Obstruction can likewise come as poor work propensities, not appearing at chip away at time, phoning in wiped out, and absence of enthusiasm for the change. The division administrator can oversee opposition by conversing with staff individuals who are against the change. By conversing with the staff, the administrator will comprehend the staff’s concerns and explain any misconception. The director must be happy to tune in to the staff’s thoughts however disclose to the staff why the change needs to occur and the positive changes the execution will bring to the office. The chief must keep open correspondence, support, and keep up trust of the opposing staff. An administrator can be effective with opposing staff on the off chance that the person is adaptable, certain, sensible, remaining concentrated on the 10,000 foot view, by joining thoughts, invigorating the resistors with interests, and takes care of issues. The change procedure ought to be made in strides of appraisal, arranging, usage, and assessment. The initial step surveying the change requires gathering and examining significant information. Surveying the office will enable the administrator to realize what changes are required, how to improve the nature of work, remain in front of the opposition, and how to move toward the execution. The arrangement is the subsequent advance and includes gathering the assets expected to execute the change. As per Lombardi Schermerhorn, â€Å"planning is the way toward setting execution destinations and figuring out what moves ought to be made to achieve them† (p. 7). By having an arrangement the board can keeps slip-ups and mishaps from occurring, without an arrangement the new change can turn into a confusion. Representatives will do what they believe is correct and this can cause numerous issues between the staff and the board. At the point when the executives has an arrangement represent atives comprehend what is anticipated from them and ability to accomplish the offices objectives. The following stage is to execute the change, where the arrangement is placed without hesitation. The chief needs to ensure the staff has the assets required for the change. On the off chance that the staff should be prepared they ought to get all trainings before the execution of the change. This can enable the administrator to keep workers centered and empowered. The last advance is the assessment of the change. In this progression the administrator will assess the new advance after a set measure of time. The assessment permits the trough to perceive how the change has influenced the office, regardless of whether the change is working, and meeting the objectives required in the arrangement. When executing change, the director must knows their jobs, duties, and how to move toward the staff. The chief ought not choose what changes needs to happen without evaluating the divisions needs. The director must contemplate how the new change will influence the representatives work process, efficiency of the division, the resolve of the office. Representatives concerns ought to be thought about just as the desire for opposition from certain workers. At each period of the change the supervisor must allude to the arrangement and must have the option to assess the adjustment in an opportune way. Actualizing change can be troublesome yet in the event that the supervisor follows the change procedure they will be effective. The most effective method to refer to Implementing Change, Papers

Saturday, August 22, 2020

On the SAT, How Many People Get a 1400, 1500, or 1600

On the SAT, How Many People Get a 1400, 1500, or 1600 SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What number of understudies get a high score on the SAT? What number of understudies get an ideal score? Here we take a gander at the quantity of understudies and the percentile of these top positions. At that point we see if you should retake the SAT in the event that you get these scores. Note:This manage was made when the SAT utilized its old 2400 scoring scale. Shockingly, we don't have similar information for the flow rendition of the SAT (out of 1600 focuses), yet we do have a transformation graph beneath so you can change over your 1600-scale SAT score to a 2400-scale score and still utilize the data in this article. SAT Score Conversion Chart The following is the change outline you can use to change over your present SAT score to the old 2400-scale rendition of the SAT. For instance, in the event that you scored a 1150 on the present form of the SAT, that is proportional to a 1590 on the old SAT. So 1590 is the score you'd use for reference as you read the remainder of the article to get a feeling of where you rank with respect to other SAT test takers. New SAT Old SAT New SAT Old SAT New SAT Old SAT 1600 2390 1200 1670 800 1060 1590 2370 1190 1650 790 1040 1580 2350 1180 1640 780 1030 1570 2330 1170 1620 770 1010 1560 2300 1160 1610 760 990 1550 2280 1150 1590 750 980 1540 2260 1140 1570 740 960 1530 2230 1130 1560 730 950 1520 2210 1120 1540 720 930 1510 2190 1110 1530 710 910 1500 2170 1100 1510 700 900 1490 2150 1090 1490 690 880 1480 2130 1080 1480 680 870 1470 2110 1070 1460 670 860 1460 2090 1060 1450 660 850 1450 2080 1050 1430 650 840 1440 2060 1040 1420 640 830 1430 2040 1030 1400 630 820 1420 2020 1020 1390 620 810 1410 2000 1010 1370 610 800 1400 1990 1000 1360 600 790 1390 1970 990 1340 590 780 1380 1950 980 1330 580 770 1370 1930 970 1310 570 760 1360 1920 960 1300 560 750 1350 1900 950 1280 550 740 1340 1880 940 1270 540 730 1330 1870 930 1250 530 730 1320 1850 920 1240 520 720 1310 1840 910 1220 510 710 1300 1820 900 1210 500 700 1290 1810 890 1200 490 690 1280 1790 880 1180 480 680 1270 1780 870 1170 470 670 1260 1760 860 1150 460 660 1250 1750 850 1140 450 650 1240 1730 840 1120 440 640 1230 1710 830 1110 430 630 1220 1700 820 1090 420 620 1210 1680 810 1070 410 610 400 600 Which SAT Data Is the Most Important for You? Before we talk about the specific numbers, it's critical to know which information you should think about. Take a score like 2200. As per the College Board, who has thorough measurements on all takers of the official SAT, there are 2,574 understudies who got precisely a 2200 of every 2014. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are contrasting yourself with the College Board's authentic numbers, you should be cautious about how they develop it.The College Board is possibly taking a gander at 2014 school destined seniors - so in the event that you are quite far expelled from this gathering, it won't speak to how you're performing. For instance, in the event that you are a sophomore, a 2200 will be considerably more great than the official table of numbers recommends on the grounds that you've had two less long periods of school contrasted with secondary school seniors. Percentiles versus Absolute Numbers You ought to likewise consider whether you should think about outright numbers or percentiles most. In the event that you care about how you're doing contrasted with the normal test taker, you may think increasingly about percentiles - a 2200 is 98th percentile (or modified top 2 percentile). This reveals to you you're inside the top 2% of test takers. Picture the middle test taker in your psyche: aUS understudy who performs normal in class and plans only a couple of hours for the SAT. When does looking at against this individual assistance you figure out where you are? I recommend that without a doubt the quantity of individuals matters more.After all, Harvard takes in a class of 1200 every year, the main ten schools presumably take in around 20,000, and how you numerically fit into that image matters more. Combined Numbers Back to total numbers - 2,574 understudies got a 2200. However, that doesn't imply that on the off chance that you got a 2200, you're inside the main 2,574 understudies. You need to check all the individuals who got 2200 or above. In measurements, this is known as the total number. This is significant on the grounds that you're not simply going up against individuals who got a 2200 precisely - you're practically neck-to-neck with the individuals who got 2210, 2220, etc. That is the reason you need to take a gander at individuals who got a score or above. This number is generally helpful to make sense of the kind of schools you're serious for. For instance, in case you're in the best 3000 or something like that, you're serious for each school, since the best a few universities together acknowledge that numerous every year. Moreover, any place you place, you can tally the spaces universities have over that. The Raw Facts Here is the table demonstrating information for scores from 2200 to 2400, and underneath is more clarification of what every one of the sections appear. Score Number of Students Combined Number Exact Top Percentile 2400 583 583 0.0348% 2350 630 2969 0.1775% 2300 1371 8812 0.5269% 2250 1914 17225 1.0299% 2200 2574 28834 1.7241% Your Score = The SAT 3-Section Score (out of 2400) Number of Students = Number of understudies in 2014 who got precisely your score. This number isn't combined and isn't the best proportion of execution. Aggregate Number = This is the complete number of understudies in 2014 who got a similar score as you or more. This is the gathering you're contending with. Exact Percentile = Here we incorporate the exact percentile this score places you in. The College Board speaks to percentiles just generally - they simply disclose to you 99%+ in your score report. We utilize their precise numbers to re-run the figuring and mention to you what accurate top part you're in. Reward: Should You Retake the SAT? I've composed before that understudies can undoubtedly get 100 focuses pretty much during various SATs without taking any kind of action unique, and schools realize that. A difference in 100 focuses isn't measurably huge. Does that mean schools couldn't care less around a 100 point contrast - that universities couldn't care less between a SAT score of 2150 and a 2250, or between a 2250 and 2350? Not in any way - in light of the fact that the possibility of factual centrality isn't equivalent to anticipated distinction. (This is the place my graduate degree in insights can sparkle!) Statistical noteworthiness measures whether somebody who got 2350 could get 2250 by likely possibility - the appropriate response is completely yes! Be that as it may, expected contrast estimates whether overall, somebody who happens to show signs of improvement than somebody who found a 2250 - the solution is likewise yes. It's not hard to see instinctively - in the event that you get a 2350 you presumably just got a few inquiries off-base, all because of an imprudent mix-up. At the point when you get in the 2250 zone, you're getting up to about six wrong, and that on normal mirrors a level of care and dominance that is basically not quite the same as a 2350. Our recommendation at that point is that particularly due to superscoring, regardless of whether you're getting 2200, it merits retaking it up to simply over a 2300. What's Next? Not content with your SAT score?If you need to raise your score,check out our guide on low SAT scoresfor supportive tips. For additional methodologies, investigate our advisers for getting an ideal SAT score on Reading, Math, Writing and by and large. What sorts of study materials do you have to read for the SAT? We separate what the best prep books are (and which books to evade) in this master direct. Need to study the SAT however sick of perusing blog articles? At that point you'll cherish our free, SAT prep livestreams. Planned and driven by PrepScholar SAT specialists, these live video occasions are an incredible asset for understudies and guardians hoping to become familiar with the SAT and SAT prep. Snap on the catch beneath to enlist for one of our livestreams today!

Monday, July 27, 2020

File Reading, Part I - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

File Reading, Part I - UGA Undergraduate Admissions File Reading, Part I Last week, I said I would write about file reading, and I will break it up into six areas. The first thing we generally see during the review of the files is how a student spends their time outside of the classroom. As such, lets talk a little bit about how we look at an applicants commitment to activities, service, family and/or leadership areas. Remember, this is one of six areas I will talk about, so dont get too focused or hung up on just this area. The first thing you should know is that we value quality over quantity. What we are looking for is somewhat about the range of what a person does, but more so the depth of their involvement. I see far too many applicants get involved with multiple clubs or organizations in their junior year after the light comes on (or the parents voice starts to be heard) about being involved. Suddenly a student is involved in 7 different groups, from the Green Campus club to the knitting for kids group. Anything and everything gets thrown in. What we are really looking at is what things you have committed to during your high school years, both in time and in consistency. I am much more impressed with a student who does three things, lets say scouting, cross-country and Habitat for Humanity, growing in ability and responsibility each year, than a student who bounces from group to group, having ten areas of involvement, but not staying with any one of them. This isnt to say that we dont look at times where a student gets involved in a range of activities to find their niche, but we do focus on dedication and commitment. Another thing to look at is that I listed family and service. Two years ago, I read a file where the applicant worked 35-40 hours a week (supervising 15 people!), and was the main bread-winner for a family of four. He was not working simply to afford movie tickets or gas money, but to put food on the table and keep the electricity on in the house. While he had limited involvement in clubs, he was dedicated to his family and his job. It comes down to looking at a student in context within his/her situation, and what is available or expected within their situation. We suggest that you look at your time spent outside of the classroom and let us know what you are passionate about and active in. Dont think that just because it is not a school club, that you should not list it. If you play the violin, are active in missions with a community group, have the lead in a community theater production, etc, tell us about it. The worst thing you can do is leave a section blank just because you dont think we would want to know about X. We will then look at what activities you have chosen to participate in over the last 4+ years, what leadership roles you have taken on, and what type of time commitment you have put into these areas. So go find the activity you are passionate about, have a great day, and Go Dawgs!

Friday, May 22, 2020

Andrew Jackson And Robert Matthews - 1411 Words

The Making of a Man in the 19th Century Misfortune often contributes to the making of a man. In the cases of Andrew Jackson and Robert Matthews, this is especially true. Both men were orphaned at a young age and both took very different paths that made history. Andrew Jackson grew stronger and became an influential president. He brought the nation together after the Revolution and the War of 1812 and restored it to a state of economic stability. Robert Matthews created a cult-like religion and ruled over his â€Å"kingdom† with an iron fist. His religious kingdom crumbled quickly because of its ridiculous rules, shady practices, and unlawful deeds. The economic, cultural, and religious changes of the nineteenth century shaped the paths that both men took. Matthews handled these changes by seeking a new freedom and individual choice. Jackson handled the same changes by taking the opportunity they offered to become anything you could imagine. People in the nineteenth century were faced with economic, social, and relig ious changes and sought atonement, freedom, economic stability and prosperity. Matthias and Jackson both based their campaigns on these desires. Matthews and Jackson had two very different attitudes towards others and this determined their successes and failures. Robert Matthews was orphaned at a young age and later lost his children. These painful losses no doubt encouraged him to seek freedom and control over his own life. His attitude towards others was one ofShow MoreRelated The Other Victim in William Faulkner’s Dry September Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. When a woman does not have a husband her social standard as a person is lowered. 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The word â€Å"leader† itself will invoke images of die-hard men with the charisma to command anyone and overcome anything. Yet despite this common image there was no theory of leadership that covered this common belief in a â€Å"super† leader. ThatRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States was upset with Spain not controlling its borders and allowing it to be a haven for runaway slaves. Seminole Indians were continually raiding American settlements and who would the retreat across the border into Florida. General Andrew Jackson crossed into Florida and destroyed Indian settlements. Spain then signed the Adams-Onis Treaty which said that they would sell Florida to the United States for five million dollars. The Adams-Onis Treaty shows another form of Manifest DestinyRead MoreThe American Character Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pagesthe bystanders—‘A Tory! a Tory! a spy! A refugee! hustle him! Away with him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 36). 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Set in Richmond, California, this rousing, heartfelt portrayal of human courage and convictionRead MoreBolingbrook High School Staff Directory 2014 20153189 Words   |  13 PagesBHS Staff Directory 2014-2015 Note: Please call (630) 679- + the four digit extension number or click on the email address Last Name First Name Adlington Agustsson Albano Albright Allen Allen Alonso Altenburg Andrews Antonios Araiza Armistead Arocho ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE Babicz Bain Balich Banuelos Bardachowski Bartz Bartz Bassett Batis Behm Behzadi Benson Berliner Besler Bettig Birmingham Bizzocchi Black Blazejak Blosser Boatright Bonanno Bonner Bove Brauneis Brenza-CleghornRead MoreRumination, Hope and Depression1473 Words   |  6 Pages [ABS] 2007). 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Saturday, May 9, 2020

Why Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based...

Why did the founding fathers create a constitution based on the ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism and the bill of rights? The founding fathers wanted to create a constitution because many believed that the national government had to be stronger than what it had been with the use of the Articles of Confederation. But at the same time they were fearful of human nature and how often it could be seen in the history of other countries such as Britain, for people in the position of power to infringe on the rights of others, by becoming hungry with power. Taking this into account, they wanted to create a government with another power to keep order and to govern. But also make sure there were sufficient checks put in†¦show more content†¦It was there to clearly show the rights of the people, so that they could never be taken away. The 1st amendment included freedoms such as freedom of assembly and free speech or the 2nd amendment which is the right for everyone to bear arms. It is often shouted out by gun associations when the government tries to put restrictions on the ownership of guns. The founding fathers put this in place so that it would outline in more the detail the precise freedoms of the people, which also helped to convince the smaller states. The constitution splits the power given to national government into three branches, which are separate from each other: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The separation of powers was based on the ideas of Montesquieu, with him ‘L’esprit de lois’ which means the spirit of the law. The executive plays the role of administrating law. The president does this in many ways , for example he; executes federal laws and programs, conducts foreign policy , commands the armed forces, negotiates treaties and other such roles. Checks and balances another main factor of the constitution comes in here, as the people get to keep a check on the president every 4 years with the presidential election, which stops any tyranny of powers. This can also be seen in another branch of government. The legislature passes law, this is done through congress. Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Its roles include;Show MoreRelatedStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 PagesMagna Carta, which established limitations on the power of the king. Which of the following was guaranteed in the English Bill of Rights? Freedom from taxation without representation. Whose ideas about government greatly influenced the men who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was the colonists’ primary complaint aboutRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pages1. American Civil Rights Movement THE BLACKS 1865 and 1870 - Three Constitutional amendments: The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment gave blacks the rights of citizenship, and The Fifteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote. Until the modern civil rights movement (1950s) blacks were denied access to public places such as restaurants, hotels, theaters, and schools. There were separate facilities marked colored only, which was sanctioned by the courts. 1896Read MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesDivision of Nat’l Security Powers Between Congress, the President and the Court 48 The 1973 War Powers Resolution 49 II. The War Powers Resolution: A Debate between JNM and Frederick Tipson 50 CHAPTER 18: The National Security Process 60 CHAPTER 19: intelligence and Counterintelligence 63 CHAPTER 20: Access to Information 65 CHAPTER 21: Freedom of Expression 70 CHAPTER 22: National Security and the Fourth and Fifth Amendments 73 R. J. Rummel, â€Å"Power Kills; Absolute Power Kills Absolutely (Oct

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system Free Essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Parliamentary System A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to the legislature. The executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In parliamentary system, the head of state is normally different from the head of government. We will write a custom essay sample on Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, parliamentary system had its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the common advantages parliamentary system had is that it’s faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because that the executive branch is dependent upon the direct or indirect support from the legislative branch. The executive branch is often includes members of the legislature. As the executive branch is made of the majority party or coalition of parties in the legislature, they possess more votes in order to pass legislation. Usually a bill becomes law within a single session of parliament. Besides, in a parliamentary system, with a collegial executive, power is more divided. It can also be argues that power in parliamentary ystem is more evenly spread out in the power structure of parliamentary system. If comparing the prime minister from the parliamentary system and the president from the presidential system, prime minister seldom tends to have as high importance as a ruling president. Parliamentary system tends to be focus more on voting for parties and its political ideas rather than focusing on voting for an actual person. There is also a body of scholarship, associated with Juan Linz, Fred Riggs, Bruce Ackerman, and Robert Dahl that claims that the parliamentary system is likely to or liable to suffer from authoritarian collapse. These scholars point out that World War II, two- thirds of Third World countries establishing parliamentary governments successfully made the transition to democracy. By contrast, no Third World presidential system successfully made the transition to democracy without experiencing coups and other constitutional breakdowns. One main criticism and benefits of many parliamentary systems is that the head of government is in almost all cases not the electorate, or by a set of electors directly chosen by the people, separate from the legislature. However, in a parliamentary system the prime minister is elected by he legislature, often under the strong influence of the party leadership. Thus, a party’s candidate for the head of government is usually known before the election, possibly making the election as much about the person as the party behind him or her. Another major criticism of the parliamentary system lies precisely in its purported advantage which is no truly independent body to oppose and veto legislation passed by the parliament, and therefore no substantial check on legislative power. Conversely, because of the lack of inherent separation of powers, some believe that a parliamentary system can place too much power in the xecutive entity, leading to the feeling that the legislature or Judiciary have little scope to administer checks or balances on the executive. However, parliamentary systems may be bicameral, with an upper house designed to check the power of the lower. Although parliamentarianism has been praised for allowing an election to take place at any time, the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. In some parliamentary systems, such as the British, a ruling party can schedule elections when it feels that it is likely to do well, and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. Thus, by wise timing of elections, in a parliamentary system a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a functioning presidential system. This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections, as is the case in several of Australia’s state parliaments. In other systems, such as the Dutch and the Belgian, the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in determining the election date. Conversely, flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections avoids having periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system. How to cite Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system, Papers

Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system Free Essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Parliamentary System A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to the legislature. The executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In parliamentary system, the head of state is normally different from the head of government. We will write a custom essay sample on Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, parliamentary system had its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the common advantages parliamentary system had is that it’s faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because that the executive branch is dependent upon the direct or indirect support from the legislative branch. The executive branch is often includes members of the legislature. As the executive branch is made of the majority party or coalition of parties in the legislature, they possess more votes in order to pass legislation. Usually a bill becomes law within a single session of parliament. Besides, in a parliamentary system, with a collegial executive, power is more divided. It can also be argues that power in parliamentary ystem is more evenly spread out in the power structure of parliamentary system. If comparing the prime minister from the parliamentary system and the president from the presidential system, prime minister seldom tends to have as high importance as a ruling president. Parliamentary system tends to be focus more on voting for parties and its political ideas rather than focusing on voting for an actual person. There is also a body of scholarship, associated with Juan Linz, Fred Riggs, Bruce Ackerman, and Robert Dahl that claims that the parliamentary system is likely to or liable to suffer from authoritarian collapse. These scholars point out that World War II, two- thirds of Third World countries establishing parliamentary governments successfully made the transition to democracy. By contrast, no Third World presidential system successfully made the transition to democracy without experiencing coups and other constitutional breakdowns. One main criticism and benefits of many parliamentary systems is that the head of government is in almost all cases not the electorate, or by a set of electors directly chosen by the people, separate from the legislature. However, in a parliamentary system the prime minister is elected by he legislature, often under the strong influence of the party leadership. Thus, a party’s candidate for the head of government is usually known before the election, possibly making the election as much about the person as the party behind him or her. Another major criticism of the parliamentary system lies precisely in its purported advantage which is no truly independent body to oppose and veto legislation passed by the parliament, and therefore no substantial check on legislative power. Conversely, because of the lack of inherent separation of powers, some believe that a parliamentary system can place too much power in the xecutive entity, leading to the feeling that the legislature or Judiciary have little scope to administer checks or balances on the executive. However, parliamentary systems may be bicameral, with an upper house designed to check the power of the lower. Although parliamentarianism has been praised for allowing an election to take place at any time, the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. In some parliamentary systems, such as the British, a ruling party can schedule elections when it feels that it is likely to do well, and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. Thus, by wise timing of elections, in a parliamentary system a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a functioning presidential system. This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections, as is the case in several of Australia’s state parliaments. In other systems, such as the Dutch and the Belgian, the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in determining the election date. Conversely, flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections avoids having periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system. How to cite Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system, Papers